Qualitative Exploration of HIV Testing Intentions Among Jakarta MSM Using the Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

Arrasyid Arrasyid; Sarah Handayani; Retno Mardhiati

doi:10.58185/jkr.v17i1.475

Authors

Arrasyid Arrasyid Health Officer of DKI Jakarta Governance, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sarah Handayani Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr HAMKA, Public Health Department, Jakarta, Indonesia
Retno Mardhiati Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr HAMKA, Public Health Department, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58185/jkr.v17i1.475

Keywords:

HIV AIDS, Intention, MSM, VCT, TPB

Abstract

Background: HIV testing decisions among men who have sex with men (MSM) involve health concerns, social expectations, and confidence in service access. Objective: To explore voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) intentions among MSM at Taman Sari Subdistrict Health Center, West Jakarta, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted during October 2022–April 2023. Purposive sampling included nine MSM with differing testing histories and one HIV program coordinator. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically using TPB. Results: Perceived benefits of knowing HIV status supported favorable attitudes, whereas feared positive results and stigma discouraged testing. Peer reassurance supported intention, while anticipated family rejection complicated disclosure. Free, nearby services facilitated access; privacy concerns and restricted service hours constrained perceived control. These accounts suggest that favorable attitudes and supportive norms facilitate intention when testing is perceived as socially safe and practically feasible. Conclusion: Testing intentions reflected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control within a stigmatizing context. Confidential counseling, peer navigation, and accessible services warrant evaluation.

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